BLOG 258: WHAT IS MELASMA AND HOW CAN HOLISTIC REMEDIES REDUCE IT?
Mar 12, 2024
Today we are going to talk about a skin condition called melasma. This is characterised by the development of brown or grey-brown patches on the face and is often a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. I get so many questions, particularly over on my YouTube channel, about the condition, that I wanted to delve into it deeper on today’s blog.
How does melasma develop?
Melasma manifests as symmetrical, hyperpigmented patches, commonly appearing on the cheeks, forehead, chin, and upper lip. Its development involves the overproduction of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin coloration, leading to localised darkening. The precise mechanisms triggering melasma remain multifaceted, yet several contributing factors have been identified:
1. Hormonal Fluctuations: Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, or endocrine disorders, can stimulate melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells, leading to increased melanin synthesis.
2. Sun Exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure exacerbates melasma by stimulating melanocytes and intensifying pigmentation. Individuals with melasma often notice worsening of their condition during the summer months or after prolonged sun exposure.
3. Genetic Predisposition: Family history plays a significant role in melasma development, suggesting a genetic predisposition to this condition. Certain genetic variations may influence susceptibility to hormonal fluctuations or UV-induced damage, contributing to its onset.
4. Ethnic Background: Melasma disproportionately affects individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types III to VI, encompassing those with medium to dark skin tones. This demographic group exhibits increased melanin production and heightened susceptibility to pigmentary disorders.
So who gets melasma?
While melasma can affect individuals of any age, gender, or ethnicity, certain groups are more susceptible to its development:
1. Women: Melasma predominantly affects women, with estimates indicating that over 90% of cases occur in females. Hormonal fluctuations associated with pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, or hormone replacement therapy significantly contribute to its prevalence among women.
2. Individuals with Darker Skin Tones: These individuals exhibit increased pigmentation and heightened vulnerability to UV-induced damage, amplifying the risk of melasma development.
3. Pregnant Women: Melasma, often termed "the mask of pregnancy," commonly occurs during gestation due to hormonal changes. Approximately 50-70% of pregnant women experience melasma, typically manifesting during the second or third trimester.
What holistic remedies can help melasma?
1. Sun Protection: Shielding the skin from harmful UV radiation is paramount in melasma management. Utilise broad-spectrum sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 30, apply it generously, and reapply every two hours, especially when outdoors. Additionally, wear protective clothing, wide-brimmed hats, and seek shade to minimise sun exposure.
2. Healthy Diet: Studies show that eating a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals can support skin health. Incorporate fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins into your meals, while limiting processed foods, sugary snacks, and excessive caffeine intake. Hydration is essential, so drink plenty of water to maintain skin moisture and vitality.
3. Stress Management: Chronic stress can exacerbate melasma through hormonal fluctuations and inflammatory pathways. Practice stress-reducing techniques such as mindfulness meditation, deep breathing exercises, yoga, face yoga, or progressive muscle relaxation to promote relaxation and hormonal balance.
4. Topical Treatments: There are some natural and gentle topical treatments to lighten hyperpigmentation and improve skin texture. Look for ingredients such as vitamin C, niacinamide, licorice extract, kojic acid, and alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) which can have skin-brightening properties and may help alleviate melasma when incorporated into skincare routines.
5. Herbal Remedies: Certain herbs and botanical extracts exhibit depigmenting effects and can complement conventional therapies for melasma. Consider incorporating ingredients like bearberry extract, green tea extract, aloe vera, and chamomile into homemade masks or topical preparations to soothe the skin and reduce pigmentation.
6. Lifestyle Modifications: Adopt healthy lifestyle habits that promote overall well-being and skin vitality. Get an adequate amount of sleep, engage in regular physical activity, and minimise alcohol consumption and smoking.
Conclusion
Melasma poses a multifaceted challenge, with its development influenced by hormonal fluctuations, sun exposure, genetics, and lifestyle factors. While predominantly affecting women and individuals with darker skin tones, melasma can impact anyone, regardless of age or gender. Embracing a healthy holistic lifestyle can help address underlying imbalances as can nurturing skin health through sun protection, healthy lifestyle habits, and natural remedies.
